Managing Blood Sugar: Foods and Eating Order

If your recent health checkup revealed elevated blood sugar levels, you might be feeling concerned, especially if you have a family history of diabetes. However, the good news is that you can effectively manage your blood sugar through lifestyle changes and mindful eating habits. In this post, we will introduce foods that can help lower blood sugar and discuss the optimal order for eating meals to prevent spikes in glucose levels.


Foods That Help Lower Blood Sugar

1. Leafy Green Vegetables
Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and broccoli have a low glycemic index, which makes them ideal for blood sugar control. They are rich in fiber, which slows digestion and helps prevent blood sugar spikes.

2. Legumes
Beans such as kidney beans, lentils, and chickpeas are packed with protein and fiber. These nutrients allow for a slower increase in blood sugar levels and help you stay full longer, reducing unnecessary snacking.

3. Berries
Blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries not only have a low glycemic index but are also rich in antioxidants. As a post-meal dessert, berries can help regulate blood sugar.

4. Nuts
Almonds, walnuts, and pecans provide healthy fats and proteins that can prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar. A handful of nuts per day is a great addition to your diet.

5. Whole Grains
Whole grains like oats, brown rice, and quinoa are high in fiber compared to refined grains, leading to slower blood sugar increases. Consider having oatmeal for breakfast to start your day right.


The Best Order to Eat Food for Blood Sugar Control

Did you know that the order in which you eat your food can also impact blood sugar levels? Follow this sequence for better glucose management:

  1. Start with Vegetables
    Eating fiber-rich vegetables first helps slow down the rate at which sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream.
  2. Follow with Protein and Healthy Fats
    Next, eat foods that contain protein and healthy fats, such as chicken, fish, eggs, or nuts. These nutrients help stabilize blood sugar levels.
  3. Save Carbohydrates for Last
    Finally, consume carbohydrates like rice, bread, or noodles. Eating carbs at the end can prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar.

The Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Habits

In addition to dietary changes, incorporating the following habits can significantly improve blood sugar control:

  • Regular Exercise: Start with simple activities like walking, and aim to be consistent.
  • Adequate Sleep: Getting enough rest is crucial for overall metabolic health.
  • Stress Management: Practices like meditation and deep breathing can help regulate blood sugar levels.
  • Regular Monitoring: Schedule routine blood sugar tests to keep track of your health status.

Blood sugar management is not an overnight process, but with consistent effort, it is achievable. By including the foods we discussed in your daily meals and following the recommended eating order, you can effectively lower and stabilize your blood sugar levels. Remember, healthy eating habits and a balanced lifestyle are the keys to preventing diabetes and maintaining long-term health.

Take the first step today—your future self will thank you!


Understanding Urinary Tract Infection

Finerenone is a Key Medication for Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetes and Kidney Health

People with diabetes are at a high risk of developing kidney disease in the future. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor kidney function regularly. One effective way to do this is by checking urinary protein levels. Among these, urinary albumin (also called albuminuria) is particularly important. Individuals with diabetes should undergo a urine test annually to check for urinary albumin.

Reducing urinary protein (proteinuria) can help slow the progression of kidney damage. One of the medications proven to achieve this is finerenone, which I will introduce in detail.


What Is Finerenone?

Finerenone is a non-steroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). It works by preventing the overactivation of mineralocorticoid receptors in the heart and kidneys, which directly reduces inflammation and fibrosis in the kidneys.

How Does Finerenone Work?

In the diagram below, the left section shows how aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), causing inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Finerenone instead binds to these receptors, effectively blocking the harmful pathway.


Results from Phase III Clinical Studies

Recent Phase III studies focused on the effects of finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease. A retrospective analysis of a double-blind study confirmed:

  • Health benefits associated with reduced urinary albumin within 4 months of starting finerenone.
  • Effects on kidney function and cardiovascular health over a maximum of 4 years.

Key Findings:

  • A 30% or greater reduction in urinary albumin led to:
    • 64% lower risk of kidney disease progression.
    • 26% lower risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.

Comparative Results: Finerenone vs Placebo

The graph below demonstrates the superior efficacy of finerenone in reducing proteinuria compared to a placebo:

  • Figure B: The line at log 0.7 = -0.36 represents a 30% or greater reduction in urinary albumin. Finerenone clearly showed a more significant effect.
  • Figure C: Focuses on kidney disease progression.
  • Figure D: Highlights cardiovascular outcomes.

When urinary albumin decreased by more than 30%, there was a clear reduction in kidney function decline and cardiovascular events.


Proportion Mediated Method Results

The table below evaluates finerenone’s effects using the proportion mediated method. This method calculates the proportion of the treatment effect achieved relative to its expected effect.

  • Kidney effects: 84% efficacy.
  • Cardiovascular effects: 37% efficacy.

Conclusion

Finerenone is a promising treatment for diabetic kidney disease, showing clear benefits in reducing urinary albumin, slowing kidney disease progression, and lowering cardiovascular risks. Regular urine testing and effective treatments like finerenone can play a crucial role in managing diabetes and protecting kidney health.

Reference: Ann Intern Med. doi:10.7326/M23-1023


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