Tips and Summary Fatigue in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) goes beyond mere tiredness, significantly lowering their quality of…
Maintain Serum Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) Levels of 22–26 mmol/LKeeping serum bicarbonate levels within 22–26 mmol/L may help slow CKD progression and…
1. What is the P2X7 Receptor? The Purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7) is an ionotropic purinergic receptor activated by adenosine triphosphate…
🔸 Summary of Key Goals Blood Sugar Control: HbA1c 6.5–7.0%, Fasting Blood Glucose 80–130 mg/dL Blood Pressure Control: Below 130/80…
Introduction: A Paradigm Shift in Chronic Kidney Disease Management Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the…
🚀 Checklist for Protecting Kidney Health✅ Maintain blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg (adjust based on kidney function)✅ Keep HbA1c below…
Introduction Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as crucial pharmacological agents in managing…
1. Introduction: The Growing Burden of CKD in an Aging Society Chronic Kidney Disease eGFR interpretation in elderly patients, With…
1. Introduction Comparison of Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to the sudden deterioration…
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affecting approximately 35–60% of patients.…