Hypothermia: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention

What is Hypothermia?

Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 35°C (95°F). It can result from prolonged exposure to cold environments or an imbalance in heat production and preservation. Hypothermia is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate action.

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Causes of Hypothermia

1. Cold Weather Exposure: Staying in a cold and wet environment without proper gear.
2. Wet Conditions: Prolonged immersion in cold water can rapidly decrease body temperature.
3. Impaired Thermoregulation: Older adults, young children, and those with chronic illnesses are more vulnerable.
4. Physical Conditions: Alcohol consumption, drug use, or low blood sugar can increase risk.

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Symptoms of Hypothermia

• Early symptoms: Shivering, fatigue, slurred speech, confusion
• Severe symptoms: Cessation of shivering, extreme confusion, slow breathing or pulse, loss of consciousness

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Prevention Tips

1. Wear Warm Clothing: Layered clothing and waterproof outerwear are ideal.
2. Stay Hydrated: Drinking fluids is important even in cold environments.
3. Avoid Prolonged Exposure: Stay dry and limit outdoor activities in extreme cold.
4. Eat Warming Foods: Ginger tea and warm soups help maintain internal temperature.
5. Carry Emergency Supplies: Keep hand warmers and blankets handy during winter outings.

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How to Respond to Hypothermia

1. Move to a Warm Area: Prevent further heat loss by getting out of the cold.
2. Remove Wet Clothing: Replace wet clothes with dry ones.
3. Provide Warmth: Wrap in blankets and offer warm (non-alcoholic) drinks.
4. Seek Immediate Help: For severe symptoms, call emergency services or visit a hospital.

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Health Tips for Staying Warm in Winter

• Exercise Regularly: Improves circulation and helps maintain body heat.
• Boost Immunity: Consume foods rich in vitamins C and E to stay healthy.
• Optimize Sleep Environment: Use warm bedding to prevent overnight heat loss.

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Hypothermia can often be avoided with simple precautions. Prepare for the winter season and educate yourself on how to handle emergencies.

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